{"id":310,"date":"2023-04-05T15:02:42","date_gmt":"2023-04-05T12:02:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dorahealth.com\/?p=310"},"modified":"2025-11-06T01:19:23","modified_gmt":"2025-11-05T22:19:23","slug":"ulusal-egemenlikten-dunyanin-ilk-cocuk-bayramina","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dorahealth.com\/tr\/2023\/04\/ulusal-egemenlikten-dunyanin-ilk-cocuk-bayramina\/","title":{"rendered":"Ulusal Egemenlikten D\u00fcnyan\u0131n \u0130lk \u00c7ocuk Bayram\u0131na"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n

\u201c<\/strong>Vatan\u0131 korumak, \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 korumakla ba\u015flar.\u201d <\/strong><\/p>\n

Mustafa Kemal Atat\u00fcrk<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nun b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00fcmitlerle girdi\u011fi Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n kaybedenleri aras\u0131nda olmas\u0131, \u00fclkede b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00fcz\u00fcnt\u00fc ve tedirginlik yaratm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu durum bir s\u00fcre sonra imparatorlu\u011fun i\u015fgaline d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015f ve ba\u015fta \u0130stanbul, Bursa ve \u0130zmir olmak \u00fczere bir\u00e7ok kentte i\u015fgal ac\u0131lar\u0131 evlerin kap\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 tek tek \u00e7almaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00d6zellikle 15 May\u0131s 1919 g\u00fcn\u00fc Yunan Ordusu\u2019nun \u00f6nce \u0130zmir\u2019e \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 ve ard\u0131ndan t\u00fcm Ege B\u00f6lgesine hakim olma \u00e7abalar\u0131, kanl\u0131 \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma ve direni\u015fleri g\u00fcndeme getirmi\u015ftir. Gazeteci Hasan Tahsin\u2019in emperyalist Yunan i\u015fgal ordusuna kar\u015f\u0131 s\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ilk kur\u015fun bu onurlu ba\u015fkald\u0131r\u0131n\u0131n sembol\u00fc olmu\u015ftur. Yine \u00fcnl\u00fc yazar Halide Edip Han\u0131m\u2019\u0131n d\u00fczenledi\u011fi \u00fcnl\u00fc Sultanahmet Mitingi de i\u015fgale kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131n \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli bir kilometre ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u0130\u015fte Mustafa Kemal Pa\u015fa, Yunan Ordusu\u2019nun \u0130zmir\u2019e \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve katliamlar\u0131na ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 15 May\u0131s 1919 g\u00fcn\u00fcnden bir g\u00fcn sonra, 16 May\u0131s 1919 g\u00fcn\u00fc 9. Ordu M\u00fcfetti\u015fi olarak Band\u0131rma gemisi ile \u0130stanbul\u2019dan ayr\u0131l\u0131r. G\u00f6revli olarak arkada\u015flar\u0131yla beraber Samsun\u2019a 19 May\u0131s 1919 sabah\u0131 ayak basmas\u0131 cumhuriyet tarihimizin en \u00f6nemli olaylar\u0131ndan biridir. Bu olay yak\u0131n tarihte ba\u015flayacak milli m\u00fccadelenin de ilk ate\u015fidir.<\/p>\n

\u00d6nce Samsun\u2019da g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelerini s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcr; sonra Amasya\u2019da tamim yay\u0131nlar ve ard\u0131ndan ge\u00e7ti\u011fi Erzurum ve Sivas\u2019ta kongreler d\u00fczenler. Bu kongre hareketleri \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli sonu\u00e7lar verecek bir d\u00f6nemin ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131d\u0131r. Kongrelerde al\u0131nan ortak karar; T\u00fcrk ulusunun egemenli\u011fini ve ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 yine T\u00fcrk ulusunun sa\u011flayaca\u011f\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcndedir.<\/p>\n

Bu arada 1919 y\u0131l\u0131 sonbahar\u0131nda i\u015fgal g\u00fc\u00e7lerinin izin ve kontrol\u00fc alt\u0131nda genel se\u00e7imler yap\u0131l\u0131r. Se\u00e7imi kazananlar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011fu; Anadolu ve Rumeli M\u00fcdafaa-i Hukuk Cemiyeti yanl\u0131lar\u0131d\u0131r. Mustafa Kemal Pa\u015fa, bu milletvekilleriyle g\u00fcnlerce g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr ve onlara esaslar\u0131n\u0131 arkada\u015flar\u0131yla birlikte belirledi\u011fi Misak-\u0131 Milli metnini teslim eder. Se\u00e7imlerde Mustafa Kemal de Erzurum mebusu se\u00e7ilmi\u015ftir, ancak \u0130stanbul\u2019a Mebusan Meclisi toplant\u0131s\u0131na kat\u0131lmak \u00fczere geldi\u011fi takdirde tutuklanaca\u011f\u0131ndan Ankara’da kal\u0131r. Osmanl\u0131 Mebusan Meclisi 12 Ocak 1920’de i\u015fgal alt\u0131ndaki \u0130stanbul\u2019da 168 \u00fcyesinden 162’sinin kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131yla toplan\u0131r. Sonu\u00e7ta, i\u015fgal g\u00fc\u00e7lerinin ve saray\u0131n tepkilerini toplayan Mebusan Meclisi \u00fcyeleri buna ald\u0131rmayarak 15 g\u00fcn sonra 28 Ocak 1920 g\u00fcn\u00fc yapt\u0131klar\u0131 gizli oturumda Misak-\u0131 Milli metnini oybirli\u011fiyle kabul ederler ve bunu t\u00fcm d\u00fcnyaya ilan ederler.<\/p>\n

Olay \u00fczerine \u0130ngiliz, Frans\u0131z ve \u0130talyan askerlerinden olu\u015fan i\u015fgal g\u00fc\u00e7leri alarma ge\u00e7er.\u00a0 \u0130ngiliz z\u0131rhl\u0131lar\u0131 Dolmabah\u00e7e \u00f6n\u00fcnde toplan\u0131r ve 16 Mart 1920 g\u00fcn\u00fc \u0130stanbul kenti fiili olarak -de facto- i\u015fgal edilir ve sabah uykusunda uyuyan askerlerimiz \u015fehit edilir. \u0130\u015fgal g\u00fc\u00e7leri kentin her yan\u0131nda s\u0131k\u0131 \u00f6nlemler al\u0131r. \u0130stanbul\u2019un her semtinde Milli M\u00fccadele yanl\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n tutuklanmaya ba\u015flamalar\u0131 \u00fczerine milletvekilleri ve ayd\u0131nlar, Ankara’ya ka\u00e7maya ba\u015flarlar. Mebusan Meclisi de 18 Mart’ta son kez toplanarak, bu Meclisin s\u00fcresiz olarak tatil edilmesini kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r. Tutuklanan ve i\u015fkence g\u00f6ren bir\u00e7ok milletvekili hapse at\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcm bu geli\u015fmeler \u00fczerine Mustafa Kemal Pa\u015fa, Mebusan Meclisi\u2019nin kapat\u0131lmas\u0131ndan bir g\u00fcn sonra 19 Mart 1920’de yay\u0131mlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir genelgeyle ”Ankara’da ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc yetkili bir Meclis”in toplanaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 t\u00fcm \u00fclkeye duyurur. Genelgede, ”Ulusun ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve devletin kurtar\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayacak \u00f6nlemleri d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcp uygulamak \u00fczere ulus\u00e7a ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc yetki verilecek bir Meclisin Ankara’da toplant\u0131ya \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131lmas\u0131 ve da\u011f\u0131t\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan mebuslardan Ankara’ya gelebileceklerin de bu Meclise kat\u0131lmalar\u0131” istenir. Bu arada \u0130stanbul\u2019dan ka\u00e7an bir\u00e7ok mebus Ankara\u2019ya ula\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bu ama\u00e7la yap\u0131lacak se\u00e7imle belirlenen milletvekilleri ile da\u011f\u0131t\u0131lan Osmanl\u0131 Mebusan Meclisinden ka\u00e7arak Ankara’ya gelebilen mebuslardan 84’\u00fc, ilk Mecliste yer alacakt\u0131r. Sonu\u00e7ta Mustafa Kemal Pa\u015fa, 22 Nisan 1920’de B\u00fcy\u00fck Millet Meclisi’nin a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 duyurdu\u011fu genelgesinde ise bundan b\u00f6yle ‘b\u00fct\u00fcn sivil ve askeri makamlar ile b\u00fct\u00fcn ulusun emir alaca\u011f\u0131 en y\u00fcksek kat’\u0131n bu Meclis olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 t\u00fcm yurda bildirir.<\/p>\n

Ertesi sabah Ankara sanki bir \u015fenli\u011fe uyan\u0131r. \u00dclkedeki i\u015fgallerin buruklu\u011funda 23 Nisan 1920 Cuma g\u00fcn\u00fc Hac\u0131 Bayram Camisi’nde cuma namaz\u0131 k\u0131l\u0131n\u0131p, kurbanlar kesildikten sonra ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc yetkilerle donat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ilk TBMM, \u0130ttihat ve Terakki Kul\u00fcb\u00fc olarak yap\u0131lan binada hizmete girer. \u0130lk Meclis Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na Mustafa Kemal Pa\u015fa se\u00e7ilir. Cumhuriyete giden yolda b\u00fcy\u00fck ad\u0131mlar at\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayacak T\u00fcrkiye B\u00fcy\u00fck Millet Meclisinin 103 y\u0131l \u00f6nce 23 Nisan’da Ankara\u2019da a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131, T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti\u2019nin kurtulu\u015f m\u00fccadelesinin en \u00f6nemli evrelerinden birini olu\u015fturmu\u015ftur. \u00d6ncelikle bu meclis bir kurucu meclistir yani anayasa yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r; bu meclis bir sava\u015f meclisidir, bu meclis Yasama-Y\u00fcr\u00fctme-Yarg\u0131\u2019y\u0131 b\u00fcnyesinde toplam\u0131\u015f ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc bir meclistir ve bu meclis Polatl\u0131\u2019ya kadar gelen Yunan top\u00e7ular\u0131n\u0131n top ate\u015fi alt\u0131nda korkusuzca \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015f ve 12 Mart 1921 g\u00fcn\u00fc dizeleri Burdur Milletvekili Mehmet Akif Bey taraf\u0131ndan yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f \u201c\u0130stiklal Mar\u015f\u0131\u201dn\u0131 alk\u0131\u015flar ve g\u00f6zya\u015flar\u0131 aras\u0131nda kabul etmi\u015f bir destans\u0131 meclistir.<\/p>\n

Mustafa Kemal Pa\u015fa yurdun her y\u00f6resinden gelen milletvekilleri arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k sava\u015f\u0131n\u0131 t\u00fcm millete mal etmi\u015f, sava\u015f\u0131n sadece askerler taraf\u0131ndan de\u011fil t\u00fcm millet taraf\u0131ndan kazan\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini t\u00fcm kesimlere kabul ettirmi\u015ftir. Baz\u0131 \u00e7evreler 23 Nisan 1920 tarihini yeni T\u00fcrk devletinin kurulu\u015f g\u00fcn\u00fc olarak kabul ederler. Meclisi olan, bayra\u011f\u0131 olan, d\u00fczenli ordusu olan, \u0130stiklal Mar\u015f\u0131 olan bu yeni devletin 29 Ekim 1923\u2019ten \u00fc\u00e7 y\u0131l \u00f6nce \u015fekillendi\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcrler. TBMM \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde kahraman ordumuz taraf\u0131ndan kazan\u0131lan Kurtulu\u015f Sava\u015f\u0131 ile yurdumuzdaki t\u00fcm emperyalist g\u00fc\u00e7ler sonunda temizlenir.<\/p>\n

Yeni T\u00fcrk devletinin ilk bayram\u0131 olarak 23 Nisan 1921\u2019de kabul edilen Hakimiyet-i Milliye Bayram\u0131\u2019n\u0131n 23 Nisan 1922\u2019de Ankara\u2019da yap\u0131lan ilk kutlamalardan sonra \u00e7ocuklar \u00f6n plana \u00e7\u0131kar. TBMM Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Mustafa Kemal\u2019in deste\u011fini alan Himaye-i Etfal Cemiyeti y\u00f6neticileri 23 Nisan 1923 g\u00fcn\u00fc cemiyet i\u00e7in yard\u0131m toplarlar. 23 Nisan 1924 g\u00fcn\u00fc Latife Han\u0131m\u2019\u0131n da bu cemiyetin temsilcisi olmas\u0131 ve Mustafa Kemal Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n da bu cemiyeti a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a desteklemesi ile 1925 y\u0131l\u0131ndan ba\u015flayarak 23 Nisan\u2019a \u201cHakimiyet-i Milliye Bayram\u0131\u201d yan\u0131 s\u0131ra \u201c\u00c7ocuk Bayram\u0131\u201d denmeye de ba\u015flan\u0131r. Burada kullan\u0131lan \u00e7ocuk kelimesi, \u00e7ocuklara e\u011flence sunulmas\u0131ndan \u00e7ok ulusun gelece\u011fi olan bu varl\u0131klar\u0131n korunmas\u0131 ve ya\u015fat\u0131lmas\u0131 ama\u00e7l\u0131d\u0131r. \u00c7ocuk Bayram\u0131 ger\u00e7ek anlamda kapsaml\u0131 olarak ilk kez 23 Nisan 1927 g\u00fcn\u00fc kutlan\u0131r. Ancak t\u00fcm bu kutlamalarda \u00f6ncelikle \u00e7ocuk \u00f6l\u00fcmlerinin \u00f6n\u00fcne ge\u00e7ilerek \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n korunmas\u0131 ve onlara g\u00fczel bir gelecek sa\u011flanmas\u0131 ama\u00e7lanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Y\u0131llar ge\u00e7ip Cumhuriyet T\u00fcrkiye\u2019si kalk\u0131nd\u0131k\u00e7a bu sorunlar \u00f6nemini yitirmi\u015f ve 23 Nisan g\u00fcnleri bir \u00e7ocuk bayram\u0131 ve \u00e7ocuk \u015fenli\u011fine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ferek yaln\u0131zca yurdumuzda de\u011fil t\u00fcm d\u00fcnya \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan kutlanan bir festivale d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde de 1920 y\u0131l\u0131nda TBMM\u2019nin a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131 an\u0131s\u0131na 23 Nisan g\u00fcnleri hem Ulusal Egemenlik hem de \u00c7ocuk Bayram\u0131 olarak co\u015fkuyla kutlanmaktad\u0131r. Bu anlaml\u0131 bayram\u0131n 103. Y\u0131l\u0131 ba\u015fta ulusumuza ve \u00e7ocuklar\u0131m\u0131za sonra t\u00fcm insanl\u0131\u011fa kutlu olsun.<\/p>\n

Yrd. Do\u00e7. Dr. Dr. Altan Armutak<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u201cVatan\u0131 korumak, \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 korumakla ba\u015flar.\u201d Mustafa Kemal Atat\u00fcrk Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nun b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00fcmitlerle girdi\u011fi Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n kaybedenleri aras\u0131nda olmas\u0131, \u00fclkede b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00fcz\u00fcnt\u00fc ve tedirginlik yaratm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu durum bir s\u00fcre sonra imparatorlu\u011fun i\u015fgaline d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015f ve ba\u015fta \u0130stanbul, Bursa ve \u0130zmir olmak \u00fczere bir\u00e7ok kentte i\u015fgal ac\u0131lar\u0131 evlerin kap\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 tek tek \u00e7almaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00d6zellikle 15 May\u0131s 1919 g\u00fcn\u00fc Yunan Ordusu\u2019nun \u00f6nce \u0130zmir\u2019e … <\/p>\n

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